Beschreibung
Die etwa 150.000 Frauen, die im Zweiten Weltkrieg im Women's Army Corps Dienst taten, waren die ersten regulären Soldatinnen der US-Armee. Um männliche Soldaten für den Kampf freizusetzen, arbeiteten sie auch in traditionellen Männerbereichen, etwa als Mechanikerinnen oder Pilotinnen in den USA, Afrika, Europa und Südostasien. Die Autorin geht den Erfahrungen dieser Frauen nach, den militärischen und zivilen Diskursen über Soldatinnen im Militär und dem Umgang der Armee mit soldatischer Weiblichkeit und weiblicher Sexualität. Anhand von Regierungsdokumenten, Kriegsgerichtsprozessen, aber auch Selbstzeugnissen, Gedichten und Songs zeigt M. Michaela Hampf, wie umkämpft die Konstruktion der Soldatin im Amerika der vierziger Jahre war und bis heute ist.
Autorenportrait
M. Michaela Hampf ist Juniorprofessorin für die Geschichte Nordamerikas am John-F.-Kennedy-Institut der Freien Universität Berlin.
Inhalt
1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Military Institutions and Gender The Gendered Division of Labor in Military Institutions - Armed Civic Virtue - Citizenship, Arms & Gender 11 - ''Beautiful Soulsa¿ and Martial Citizens - Women¿s Roles in Modern Wars - ''Total Wara¿ and the Mobilization of Women 1.2. Theoretical Concepts. Power and Agency - Power|Knowledge - Strategic Apparatus - Gender 1.3 Methodological Approaches 1.4 Literature Historical Perspectives on the Military - Studies on Gender and the Military - Research on the WAAC and the WAC 1.5 Structure . 2. ORGANIZATIONAL HISTORY OF THE WAAC/WAC 2.1 The WAAC and WAC Bills in Congress. 2.2 Training. Basic Military Training - Specialist Training 2.3 Policies and Regulations. 2.4 Women Soldiers at Work. 2.5 Overseas Service 2.6 Demobilization and Integration 2.7 Combat: Drawing the Line 3. CONSTRUCTING THE WOMEN|SOLDIER THROUGH RECRUITING CAMPAIGNS, MEDIA COVERAGE AND PUBLIC RELATIONS 3.1 ''Petticoat Armya¿ or ''Doughgirl Generalissimoa¿ 3.2 ''Release a Man to Fighta¿ . Competition by Other Government Agencies - Quality or Quantity: The Enlistment Standards - The ''toughest sales problem in the countrya¿ 3.3 ''Self-Sacrificea¿ v. ''Self-Interesta¿: WAAC Recruiting. The Motifs of Motherhood, the Family, and Home - ''I joined to serve my country.and I¿m having the time of my life!a¿ 3.4 The ''Slander Campaigna¿ . 3.5 ''Guilta¿ v. ''Glamoura¿: WAC Recruiting . The All-States-Campaign - The Attitude of Army Men - ''Fighting men and capable Wacsa¿ - ''Comforting Our Wounded Heroesa¿ 3.6 Public Relations . 3.7 ''Petticoat Soldiersa¿: Ego-documents from the Field Camp Newspapers Songs 4. DRESS CODES: THE WAAC UNIFORM 4.1 Military Uniforms 4.2 Symbolic Aspects: Planning and Design of the Uniform. The Pre-Planning Process - A ''neat and military appearancea¿ - Pret-a-porter the Army Way 4.3. Material Aspects . Clothing for ''Women¿s worka¿ Put to the Practical Test - Procurement and Supply - The Overseas Experience 4.4 Publicity Crisis . 4.5 Technologies of the Self 5. ''SUBJECTED TO THE COLORED RACEa¿. 5.1 African American Wacs: Fighting on Two Fronts African Americans and the War Effort: Some Socio-Economic Aspects The Mobilization of African American Men - Political Pressure for the Integration of African American Women - Recruiting of African American Women - Segregation in the WAC - African American Wacs Overseas - Assignment and Mal-Assignment - Protest: Sit-Down Strike or Disobedience? 5.2 Japanese American Wacs 5.3 Puerto Rican Wacs 5.4 ''First Class Citizenshipa¿? 6. SEXUALITY. 6.1 Normalizing Practices The Regulation of Respectability: Double Standards for Men and Women Social Control: VD Policies for Wacs, Civilian Women and Servicemen - Respectability and the Legitimacy of the Corps: The Code of Conduct and WAC Regulations - Regulating the Unrespectable: Pregnancy, Abortion, Maternity and Marriage - Patrolling Respectable Femininity: Anti- Fraternization Policies 6.2 Homosexuality in the Armed Forces . The ''True Pervert,a¿ the ''Criminal Sodomista¿ and the ''Intoxicated or Curiousa¿ 6.3 Exclusionary Practices WAC Regulations and Procedures: In Search of ''undesirable traits and habitsa¿ - The ''hierarchy of perversitya¿: Class, Race, Practice, Haircut - Homosociality and Lesbian Agency: The Fort Oglethorpe Investigation 7. CONCLUSION: THE WAC BETWEEN INSTITUTIONAL INTEGRATION AND DISCURSIVE EXCLUSION Acknowledgements . Abbreviations . Sources and Literature A Note on Sources - Archival Sources - Published Sources Secondary Works Inhaltsverzeichnis
